Aminet 6/Aminet 6 - June 1995.iso/Aminet/docs/misc/wfbook93_texi.lha/texi/61.data

Text File | 1995-03-27 | 12.5 KB | 415 lines

@node Geography (Croatia)
@section Geography (Croatia)

@display

Location:
  Southeastern Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula, bordering the Adriatic Sea,
  between Slovenia and Bosnia and Herzegovina
Map references:
  Africa, Ethnic Groups in Eastern Europe, Europe, Standard Time Zones of the
  World
Area:
 total area:
  56,538 km2
 land area:
  56,410 km2
 comparative area:
  slightly smaller than West Virginia
Land boundaries:
  total 1,843 km, Bosnia and Herzegovina (east) 751 km, Bosnia and Herzegovina
  (southeast) 91 km, Hungary 292 km, Serbia and Montenegro 254 km (239 km with
  Serbia; 15 km with Montenego), Slovenia 455 km
Coastline:
  5,790 km (mainland 1,778 km, islands 4,012 km)
Maritime claims:
 continental shelf:
  200 m depth or to depth of exploitation
 exclusive economic zone:
  12 nm
 exclusive fishing zone:
  12 nm
 territorial sea:
  12 nm
International disputes:
  Serbian enclaves in eastern Croatia and along the western Bosnia and
  Herzegovinian border; dispute with Slovenia over fishing rights in Adriatic
Climate:
  Mediterranean and continental; continental climate predominant with hot
  summers and cold winters; mild winters, dry summers along coast
Terrain:
  geographically diverse; flat plains along Hungarian border, low mountains
  and highlands near Adriatic coast, coastline, and islands
Natural resources:
  oil, some coal, bauxite, low-grade iron ore, calcium, natural asphalt,
  silica, mica, clays, salt
Land use:
 arable land:
  32%
 permanent crops:
  20%
 meadows and pastures:
  18%
 forest and woodland:   15%
 other:
  15%
Irrigated land:
  NA km2
Environment:
  air pollution from metallurgical plants; damaged forest; coastal pollution
  from industrial and domestic waste; subject to frequent and destructive
  earthquakes



@end display

@node Geography (Croatia 2. usage)
@section Geography (Croatia 2. usage)

@display

Note:
  controls most land routes from Western Europe to Aegean Sea and Turkish
  Straits



@end display

@node People (Croatia)
@section People (Croatia)

@display

Population:
  4,694,398 (July 1993 est.)
Population growth rate:
  0.07% (1993 est.)
Birth rate:
  11.38 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Death rate:
  10.73 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Net migration rate:
  0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
  9 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
 total population:
  73.19 years
 male:
  69.7 years
 female:
  76.89 years (1993 est.)
Total fertility rate:
  1.66 children born/woman (1993 est.)
Nationality:
 noun:
  Croat(s)
 adjective:
  Croatian
Ethnic divisions:
  Croat 78%, Serb 12%, Muslim 0.9%, Hungarian 0.5%, Slovenian 0.5%, others
  8.1%
Religions:
  Catholic 76.5%, Orthodox 11.1%, Slavic Muslim 1.2%, Protestant 1.4%, others
  and unknown 9.8%
Languages:
  Serbo-Croatian 96%, other 4%
Literacy:
 total population:
  NA%
 male:
  NA%
 female:
  NA%
Labor force:
  1,509,489
 by occupation:
  industry and mining 37%, agriculture 16% (1981 est.), government NA%, other



@end display

@node Government (Croatia)
@section Government (Croatia)

@display

Names:
 conventional long form:
  Republic of Croatia
 conventional short form:
  Croatia
 local long form:
  Republika Hrvatska
 local short form:
  Hrvatska
Digraph:
  HR
Type:
  parliamentary democracy
Capital:
  Zagreb
Administrative divisions:
  100 districts (opcine, singular - opcina) Beli Manastir, Biograd (Biograd Na
  Moru), Bielovar, Bjelovar, Brac, Buje, Buzet, Cabar, Cakovec, Cazma, Cres
  Losinj, Crikvenica, Daruvar, Delnice, Djakovo (Dakovo), Donja Stubica, Donji
  Lapac, Dordevac, Drnis, Dubrovnik, Duga Resa, Dugo Selo, Dvor, Garesnica,
  Glina, Gospic, Gracac, Grubisno Polje, Hvar, Imotski, Ivanec, Ivanic-Grad,
  Jastrebarsko, Karlovac, Klanjec, Knin, Koprivnica, Korcula, Kostajnica,
  Krapina, Krizevci, Krk, Kutina, Labin, Lastovo, Ludbreg, Makarska, Metkovic,
  Nova Gradiska, Novi Marof, Novska, Obrovac, Ogulin, Omis, Opatija,
  Orahovica, Osijek, Otocac, Ozalj, Pag, Pazin, Petrinja, Ploce (Kardeljevo),
  Podravska Slatina, Porec, Pregrada, Pukrac, Pula, Rab, Rijeka, Rovinj,
  Samobor (part of Zagreb), Senj, Sesvete, Sibenik, Sinj, Sisak, Slavonska
  Pozega, Slavonski Brod, Slunj, Split (Solin, Kastela), Titova Korenica,
  Trogir, Valpovo, Varazdin, Vinkovci, Virovitica, Vukovar, Vis, Vojnic,
  Vrborsko, Vrbovec, Vrgin-Most, Vrgorac, Zabok, Zadar, Zagreb (Grad Zagreb),
  Zelina (Sveti Ivan Zelina), Zlatar Bistrica, Zupanja
Independence:
  NA June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)
Constitution:
  adopted on 2 December 1991
Legal system:
  based on civil law system
National holiday:
  Statehood Day, 30 May (1990)
Political parties and leaders:   Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ), Stjepan MESIC, chairman of the
executive
  council; Croatian People's Party (HNS), Savka DABCEVIC-KUCAR, president;
  Croatian Christian Democratic Party (HKDS), Ivan CESAR, president; Croatian
  Party of Rights, Dobroslav PARAGA; Croatian Social Liberal Party (HSLS),
  Drazen BUDISA, president; Croatian Peasant Party (HSS), leader NA; Istrian
  Democratic Assembly (IDS), leader NA; Social-Democratic Party (SDP), leader
  NA; Croatian National Party (PNS), leader NA
Other political or pressure groups:
  NA
Suffrage:
  16 years of age, if employed; 18 years of age, universal
Elections:
 President:
  last held 4 August 1992 (next to be held NA); Franjo TUDJMAN reelected with
  about 56% of the vote; Dobroslav PARAGA 5%
 House of Parishes:
  last held 7 February 1993 (next to be held NA February 1997); seats - (68
  total; 63 elected, 5 presidentially appointed) HDZ 37, HSLS 16, HSS 5, IDS
  3, SDP 1, PNS 1



@end display

@node Government (Croatia 2. usage)
@section Government (Croatia 2. usage)

@display

 Chamber of Deputies:
  last held NA August 1992 (next to be held NA August 1996); seats - (138
  total) 87 HDZ
Executive branch:
  president, prime minister, deputy prime ministers, cabinet
Legislative branch:
  bicameral Parliament consists of an upper house or House of Parishes
  (Zupanije Dom) and a lower house or Chamber of Deputies (Predstavnicke Dom)
Judicial branch:
  Supreme Court, Constitutional Court
Leaders:
 Chief of State:
  President Franjo TUDJMAN (since 30 May 1990)
 Head of Government:
  Prime Minister Nikica VALENTIC (since NA April 1993); Deputy Prime Ministers
  Mate GRANIC, Vladimir SEKS, Borislav SKEGRO (since NA)
Member of:
  CEI, CSCE, ECE, ICAO, IMO, IOM (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU,
  WHO
Diplomatic representation in US:
 chief of mission:
  Ambassador Peter A. SARCEVIC
 chancery:
  2356 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20036
 telephone:
  [phone]
US diplomatic representation:
 chief of mission:
  (vacant)
 embassy:
  Andrije Hebranga 2, Zagreb
 mailing address:   AMEMB Unit 25402, APO AE 09213-5080
 telephone:
  [38] (41) 444-800
 FAX:
  [38] (41) 440-235
Flag:
  red, white, and blue horizontal bands with Croatian coat of arms (red and
  white checkered)



@end display

@node Economy (Croatia)
@section Economy (Croatia)

@display

Overview:
  Before the dissolution of Yugoslavia, the republic of Croatia, after
  Slovenia, was the most prosperous and industrialized area, with a per capita
  output roughly comparable to that of Portugal and perhaps one-third above
  the Yugoslav average. Croatian Serb Nationalists control approximately one
  third of the Croatian territory, and one of the overriding determinants of
  Croatia's long-term political and economic prospects will be the resolution
  of this territorial dispute. Croatia faces monumental problems stemming
  from: the legacy of longtime Communist mismanagement of the economy; large
  foreign debt; damage during the fighting to bridges, factories, powerlines,
  buildings, and houses; the large refugee population, both Croatian and
  Bosnian; and the disruption of economic ties to Serbia and the other former
  Yugoslav republics, as well as within its own territory. At the minimum,
  extensive Western aid and investment, especially in the tourist and oil
  industries, would seem necessary to salvage a desperate economic situation.
  However, peace and political stability must come first. As of June 1993,
  fighting continues among Croats, Serbs, and Muslims, and national boundaries
  and final political arrangements are still in doubt.
National product:
  GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $26.3 billion (1991 est.)
National product real growth rate:
  -25% (1991 est.)
National product per capita:
  $5,600 (1991 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
  50% (monthly rate, December 1992)
Unemployment rate:
  20% (December 1991 est.)
Budget:
  revenues $NA; expenditures $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA
Exports:
  $2.9 billion (1990)
 commodities:
  machinery and transport equipment 30%, other manufacturers 37%, chemicals
  11%, food and live animals 9%, raw materials 6.5%, fuels and lubricants 5%
 partners:
  principally the other former Yugoslav republics
Imports:
  $4.4 billion (1990)
 commodities:
  machinery and transport equipment 21%, fuels and lubricants 19%, food and
  live animals 16%, chemicals 14%, manufactured goods 13%, miscellaneous
  manufactured articles 9%, raw materials 6.5%, beverages and tobacco 1%
 partners:
  principally other former Yugoslav republics
External debt:
  $2.6 billion (will assume some part of foreign debt of former Yugoslavia)
Industrial production:
  growth rate -29% (1991 est.)
Electricity:
  3,570,000 kW capacity; 11,500 million kWh produced, 2,400 kWh per capita
  (1992)
Industries:
  chemicals and plastics, machine tools, fabricated metal, electronics, pig
  iron and rolled steel products, aluminum reduction, paper, wood products
  (including furniture), building materials (including cement), textiles,
  shipbuilding, petroleum and petroleum refining, food processing and
  beverages



@end display

@node Economy (Croatia 2. usage)
@section Economy (Croatia 2. usage)

@display

Agriculture:
  Croatia normally produces a food surplus; most agricultural land in private
  hands and concentrated in Croat-majority districts in Slavonia and Istria;
  much of Slavonia's land has been put out of production by fighting; wheat,
  corn, sugar beets, sunflowers, alfalfa, and clover are main crops in
  Slavonia; central Croatian highlands are less fertile but support cereal
  production, orchards, vineyards, livestock breeding, and dairy farming;
  coastal areas and offshore islands grow olives, citrus fruits, and
  vegetables
Economic aid:
  $NA
Currency:
  1 Croatian dinar (CD) = 100 paras
Exchange rates:
  Croatian dinar per US $1 - 60.00 (April 1992)
Fiscal year:
  calendar year



@end display

@node Communications (Croatia)
@section Communications (Croatia)

@display

Railroads:
  2,592 km of standard guage (1.435 m) of which 864 km are electrified (1992);
  note - disrupted by territorial dispute
Highways:
  32,071 km total; 23,305 km paved, 8,439 km gravel, 327 km earth (1990); note
  - key highways note disrupted because of territorial dispute
Inland waterways:
  785 km perennially navigable
Pipelines:
  crude oil 670 km, petroleum products 20 km, natural gas 310 km (1992); note
  - now disrupted because of territorial dispute
Ports:
  coastal - Rijeka, Split, Kardeljevo (Ploce); inland - Vukovar, Osijek,
  Sisak, Vinkovci
Merchant marine:
  18 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 77,074 GRT/93,052 DWT; includes 4
  cargo, 1 roll-on/roll-off, 10 passenger ferries, 2 bulk, 1 oil tanker; note
  - also controlled by Croatian shipowners are 198 ships (1,000 GRT or over)
  under flags of convenience - primarily Malta and St. Vincent - totaling
  2,602,678 GRT/4,070,852 DWT; includes 89 cargo, 9 roll-on/ roll-off, 6
  refrigerated cargo, 14 container, 3 multifunction large load carriers, 51
  bulk, 5 passenger, 11 oil tanker, 4 chemical tanker, 6 service vessel
Airports:
 total:
  75
 usable:
  72
 with permanent-surface runways:
  15
 with runways over 3,659 m:
  0
 with runways 2,440-3,659 m:
  10
 with runways 1,220-2,439 m:
  5
Telecommunications:
  350,000 telephones; broadcast stations - 14 AM, 8 FM, 12 (2 repeaters) TV;
  1,100,000 radios; 1,027,000 TVs; NA submarine coaxial cables; satellite
  ground stations - none



@end display

@node Defense Forces (Croatia)
@section Defense Forces (Croatia)

@display

Branches:
  Ground Forces, Naval Forces, Air and Air Defense Forces
Manpower availability:
  males age 15-49 1,177,029; fit for military service 943,259; reach military
  age (19) annually 32,873 (1993 est.)
Defense expenditures:
  337-393 billion Croatian dinars, NA% of GDP (1993 est.); note - conversion
  of defense expenditures into US dollars using the current exchange rate
  could produce misleading results



@end display